Zer egiten dugu
MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL
Dagokion taldea: Energia elektrikoaren trakziorako eta sorkuntzarako erabilitako eragingailuak
Izen abizenak: MIKEL MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA
Herritartasuna: Espainia
Harremanetarako Telefonoa: 943794700
Kontaktatu
Formakuntza
Doktoregoa
- Ingeniaritzan doktoretza, ANÁLISIS Y DESARROLLO DE UNA NOVEDOSA TOPOLOGÍA DE CONVERTIDOR MULTINIVEL PARA APLICACIONES DE MEDIA TENSIÓN Y ALTA POTENCIA, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 2015
Lizentziatua, Ingeniaria, Gradua, Arkitektoa
- Automatika eta Elektronikan ingeniaritza, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 2010
- Industri Elektronikan Ingeniaritza teknikoa, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 2007
Graduondoa
- Master en Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 2012
Egungo lan egoera
- Erakundea: Mondragon Unibertsitatea
- Zentroa: Goi Eskola Politeknikoa
- Departamentua: Elektronika eta Informatika
- Ezagutza arloa: Electrónica
- Kontratazio mota: Contratado
- Maila/Lanpostua: Irakasle/Ikertzailea
- Ikerketa taldea: Energia elektrikoaren trakziorako eta sorkuntzarako erabilitako eragingailuak
Txostenak kongresuetan/Konferentziak
Integration of Silicon Carbide devices to increase the AEP (Annual Energy Production) in a PM based wind generation system IEEE 11th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG 2020). Dubrovnik, Croatia. 28 septiembre - 1 octubre 2020. N. artículo 9244477. Pp. 482-486, Urtea: 2020 Egileak: Antxon Arrizabalaga, Aitor Idarreta, Mikel Mazuela, Iosu Aizpuru, Unai Iraola, José Luis Rodriguez, Daniel Labiano, Ibrahim Alişar |
System Level Optimization of 5 MW Wind Converter using 3L-NPC Topology in Medium Voltage with 1 . 7 kV IGBT The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. Singapore. 18-21 octubre 2020. Pp. 4127-4132, Urtea: 2020 Egileak: Arrizabalaga, Antxon; Mazuela, Mikel; Idarreta, Aitor; Iraola, Unai; Aizpuru, Iosu |
Impact of silicon carbide devices in 2 MW DFIG based wind energy system 2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'20 ECCE Europe). 7-11 septiembre 2020. Lyon. N. Artículo 9215729 Urtea: 2020 Egileak: Antxon Arrizabalaga, Aitor Idarreta, Mikel Mazuela, Iosu Aizpuru, Unai Iraola, José Luis Rodriguez, Daniel Labiano, Ibrahim Alişar |
Integración de Carburo de silicio para aumentar el AEP de sistemas de generación eólica basados en DFIG 27º Seminario Anual de Automática, Electrónica Industrial e Instrumentación, SAAEI 2020 Urtea: 2020 Egileak: Antxon Arrizabalaga, Aitor Idarreta, Mikel Mazuela, Iosu Aizpuru, Unai Iraola, José Luis Rodriguez, Daniel Labiano, Ibrahim Alişar |
Análisis de arquitecturas de potencia parcial para aplicaciones de corriente continua Libro de resúmenes del Seminario Anual de Automática, Electrónica Industrial e Instrumentación (SAAEI). Córdoba. 3-5 julio, Urtea: 2019 Egileak: Jon Anzola García, Iosu Aizpuru Larrañaga, Erik Gayalde Perez, Antxon Arrizabalaga Etxezarreta, Mikel Mazuela Larrañaga |
High-Fidelity Liquid-cooling Thermal Modeling of a WBG-based Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Electric Drivetrains 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE '19 ECCE Europe), Urtea: 2019 Egileak: Sajib Chakraborty, Sudhanshu Goel, Iosu Aizpuru, Mikel Mazuela, Roberto Klink, Omar Hegazy |
Scalable and Accurate Modelling of a WBG-based Bidirectional DC/DC Converter for Electric Drivetrains 32nd Electric Vehicle Symposium (EVS32) Lyon. 19 - 22 May, Urtea: 2019 Egileak: Sajib Chakraborty, Yuanfeng Lan, Iosu Aizpuru, Mikel Mazuela, Argiñe Alacano, Omar Hegazy |
Modulation and LCR filter optimum design procedure for medium voltage adjustable speed drives 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe). Karlsruhe. 5-9 September. IEEE, Urtea: 2016 Egileak: Mikel Mazuela, Alain Sanchez-Ruiz, Ivan Echeverría, Sebastian Telleria, Iñigo Atutxa |
Aurreko jarduera profesionala
Ingeteam Power Technology Hasiera data: 2015/09/01 | Bukaera data: 2016/08/26 |
Mondragon Unibertsitatea Hasiera data: 2011/01/01 | Bukaera data: 2014/12/31 |
Hizkuntzen ezagutza
- Ingelesa (C1)
FORMAKUNTZA
DOKTOREGOA
- Doctorado en Ingenieria , ANÁLISIS Y DESARROLLO DE UNA NOVEDOSA TOPOLOGÍA DE CONVERTIDOR MULTINIVEL PARA APLICACIONES DE MEDIA TENSIÓN Y ALTA POTENCIA , Mondragon Unibertsitatea , 2015
LIZENTZIATURA, INGENIERITZA, GRADUA, ARKITEKTURA
- Industri Elektronikan Ingeniaritza teknikoa , Mondragon Unibertsitatea , 2007
- Automatika eta Elektronikan ingeniaritza , Mondragon Unibertsitatea , 2010
- Master en Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación , Mondragon Unibertsitatea , 2012
LANBIDE EGOERA
- Entitatea: Mondragon Unibertsitatea
- Zentroa: Goi Eskola Politeknikoa
- Departamentua: Elektronika eta Informatika
- Ezagutza arloa: Electrónica
- Kontratu mota: Contratado
- Maila / Postua: Irakasle/Ikertzailea
IRAKASKUNTZAREN JARDUERA
Emandako irakasgaiak
TEKNOLOGIA ELEKTRONIKOA II Ikasturtea: 2016/2017 | Kred.: 4.5 | Titulua: ENERGIAREN INGENIARITZA GRADUA |
ENERGIA ETA IRAUNKORTASUNA Ikasturtea: 2016/2017 | Kred.: 6.0 | Titulua: ENERGIAREN INGENIARITZA GRADUA |
TEKNOLOGIA ELEKTRONIKOA I Ikasturtea: 2016/2017 | Kred.: 4.5 | Titulua: ENERGIAREN INGENIARITZA GRADUA |
SISTEMA ENERGETIKOEN HASTAPENA Ikasturtea: 2016/2017 | Kred.: 6.0 | Titulua: ENERGIAREN INGENIARITZA GRADUA |
ENERGIA SORTZEKO SISTEMAK Ikasturtea: 2016/2017 | Kred.: 3.0 | Titulua: EKOTEKNOLOGIA ETA PROZESU INDUSTRIALETAN INGENIARITZA GRADUA |
AURREKO LAN ESPERIENTZIA
INGETEAM POWER TECHNOLOGY Hasiera data: 2015/09/01 | Bukaera data: 2016/08/26 |
MONDRAGON UNIBERTSITATEA Hasiera data: 2011/01/01 | Bukaera data: 2014/12/31 |
The composite improved generalized steinmetz equation (ciGSE): an accurate model combining the composite waveform hypothesis with classical approaches ARTICULO | IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. Vol. 39. N. 1. Pp. 1162 - 1173, Urtea: 2024 | ISBN/ISSN: 1941-0107 Egilea: ARRUTI ROMERO, ASIER ANZOLA GARCIA, JON MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU PÉREZ-CEBOLLA, FRANCISCO JOSÉ |
Experimental verification of the AC resistance effect in Insulated Metal Substrate based Power Converters COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | 25th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'23 ECCE Europe). Aalborg (Denmark), 04-08 September, Urtea: 2023 | ISBN/ISSN: 978-9-0758-1541-2 Egilea: AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL AGIRREZABALA IRADI, ENEKO SANZ-ALCAINE, JOSÉ MIGUEL PÉREZ-CEBOLLA, FRANCISCO JOSÉ LAJAS GARCIA, MIGUEL ARRUTI ROMERO, ASIER |
On the impact of DC magnetization on core losses: a model based on extensive experimental results from the MagNet database COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | 25th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'23 ECCE Europe). Aalborg (Denmark), 04-08 September, Urtea: 2023 | ISBN/ISSN: 978-9-0758-1541-2 Egilea: ARRUTI ROMERO, ASIER AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL |
Switching losses estimation for a push-pull converter based on analytical models considering parasitic elements COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | 25th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'23 ECCE Europe). Aalborg (Denmark), 04-08 September, Urtea: 2023 | ISBN/ISSN: 978-9-0758-1541-2 Egilea: ALBERDI ESUAIN, BORJA MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL SAN-SEBASTIAN, JON SÁNCHEZ, ROBERTO |
Control of a DFIG Grid Side Converter Patentes y otros titulos de propiedad | WO2022096427A1 Control of a DFIG Grid Side Converter Urtea: 2022 Egilea: TOMEY LOPEZ, ESTANISLAO PABLO ARRIZABALAGA ETXEZARRETA, ANTXON DEMIROK, ERHAN RORIGUEZ IZAL, JOSÉ LUIS AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU ALISAR, IBRAHIM IDARRETA GARATE, AITOR IRAOLA IRIONDO, UNAI MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL |
Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer DWPT Time Domain model: xyz position and speed coupling effect COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | 2022 24th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'22 ECCE Europe). Hanover, 5-9 septiembre, Urtea: 2022 | ISBN/ISSN: 978-9-0758-1539-9 Egilea: AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU IRAOLA IRIONDO, UNAI MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL AGIRREZABALA IRADI, ENEKO BERNAL RUIZ, CARLOS OYARBIDE USABIAGA, ESTANISLAO |
Benefits of switching from Si to SiC modules with further converter optimization COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | 2022 24th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'22 ECCE Europe). Hanover, 5-9 septiembre, Urtea: 2022 | ISBN/ISSN: 978-9-0758-1539-9 Egilea: ARRIZABALAGA ETXEZARRETA, ANTXON AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU AZTIRIA OIARTZABAL, JON URKIZU AROCENA, JUNE MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL |
DC-Link Neutral Point Control for 3L-NPC Converters Utilizing Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM ARTICULO | IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. Vol. 69. N. 9. Pp. 8633-8644, Urtea: 2022 | ISBN/ISSN: 0278-0046 print Egilea: SÁNCHEZ RUIZ, ALAIN ZUBIAGA, MARKEL KONSTANTINOU, GEORGIOS BENIWAL, NEHA MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL FERNÁNDEZ-REBOLLEDA, HECTOR CEBALLOS, SALVADOR PÉREZ-BASANTE, ÁNGEL LUIS POU, JOSEP IBÁÑEZ-HIDALGO, IRATI |
Analytical, FEM and Experimental Study of the Influence of the Airgap Size in Different Types of Ferrite Cores COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | 24th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'22 ECCE Europe). Hanover 05-09 September 2022. Pp. 1-8. IEEE, Urtea: 2022 | ISBN/ISSN: 978-9-0758-1539-9 Online Egilea: ARRUTI ROMERO, ASIER AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU ANZOLA GARCIA, JON PÉREZ-CEBOLLA, FRANCISCO JOSÉ MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL |
Single Core and Modular Transformer Solutions: a Trade-Off Analysis of Volume, Losses and Temperature Rise COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | 48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON). Brussels 17-20 October 2022. IEEE, Urtea: 2022 | ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-6654-8025-3 Egilea: ARRUTI ROMERO, ASIER MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU ANZOLA GARCIA, JON |
SiC erdieroaleak energia eolikoan LCoEa hobetzeko COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | IV. Ikergazte. Nazioarteko ikerketa euskaraz. Kongresuko artikulu bilduma. Ingeniaritza eta Arkitektura. 2021eko ekainaren 9, 10 eta 11a. Gasteiz, Euskal Herria. 17-24 or. Ed. Olatz Arbelaitz Gallego et al. Udako Euskal Unibertsitatea (UEU), Urtea: 2021 | ISBN/ISSN: 978-84-8438-785-5 Obra completa Egilea: ARRIZABALAGA ETXEZARRETA, ANTXON MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL URKIZU AROCENA, JUNE AZTIRIA OIARTZABAL, JON |
Elementu pasiboen eragina frekuentzia altuko bihurgailuetan COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | IV. Ikergazte. Nazioarteko ikerketa euskaraz. Kongresuko artikulu bilduma. Ingeniaritza eta Arkitektura. 2021eko ekainaren 9, 10 eta 11a. Gasteiz, Euskal Herria. 33-39 or. Ed. Olatz Arbelaitz Gallego et al. Udako Euskal Unibertsitatea (UEU), Urtea: 2021 | ISBN/ISSN: 978-84-8438-788-6 Obra completa Egilea: ARRUTI ROMERO, ASIER MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL ANZOLA GARCIA, JON AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU |
System Level Optimization of 5 MW Wind Converter using 3L-NPC Topology in Medium Voltage with 1 . 7 kV IGBT COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. Singapore. 18-21 octubre 2020. Pp. 4127-4132, Urtea: 2020 Egilea: ARRIZABALAGA ETXEZARRETA, ANTXON AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU IRAOLA IRIONDO, UNAI MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL IDARRETA GARATE, AITOR |
Impact of silicon carbide devices in 2 MW DFIG based wind energy system COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | 2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'20 ECCE Europe). 7-11 septiembre 2020. Lyon. N. Artículo 9215729 Urtea: 2020 | ISBN/ISSN: 978-9-0758-1536-8 online Egilea: ARRIZABALAGA ETXEZARRETA, ANTXON MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL IDARRETA GARATE, AITOR ALISAR, IBRAHIM LABIANO, DANIEL IRAOLA IRIONDO, UNAI AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU |
Scalable Modeling Approach and Robust Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing of an Optimized Interleaved Bidirectional HV DC/DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Drivetrains ARTICULO | IEEE Access. Vol. 8. Pp. 115515-115536, Urtea: 2020 | ISBN/ISSN: 2169-3536 Egilea: CHAKRABORTY, SAJIB COREA ARAUJO, JAVIER A. MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL TRAN, DAI-DUONG LAN, YUANFENG ALACANO LOITI, ARGIÑE GARMIER, PATRICE AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU HEGAZY, OMAR |
Universal Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Analysis Tool COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC). Gijon. 26-29 octubre, Urtea: 2020 | ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-7281-8959-8 Egilea: AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU ANZOLA GARCIA, JON MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL IRAOLA IRIONDO, UNAI ARRUTI ROMERO, ASIER RUJAS, ALEJANDRO |
Integration of Silicon Carbide devices to increase the AEP (Annual Energy Production) in a PM based wind generation system COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | IEEE 11th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG 2020). Dubrovnik, Croatia. 28 septiembre - 1 octubre 2020. N. artículo 9244477. Pp. 482-486. IEEE, Urtea: 2020 | ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-7281-6990-3 Egilea: ARRIZABALAGA ETXEZARRETA, ANTXON IDARRETA GARATE, AITOR MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU IRAOLA IRIONDO, UNAI RODRÍGUEZ, JOSÉ LUIS LABIANO, DANIEL ALISAR, IBRAHIM |
Electric Vehicle Inverter Electro-Thermal Models Oriented to Simulation Speed and Accuracy Multi-Objective Targets ARTICULO | Energies. Vol. 12. Nº 19. 3608. Urtea: 2019 | ISBN/ISSN: Online 19961073 Egilea: URKIZU AROCENA, JUNE MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL KLINK, ROBERTO CHAKRABORTY, SAJIB AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU ALACANO LOITI, ARGIÑE HEGAZY, OMAR VETTEN, MARCO |
High-Fidelity Liquid-cooling Thermal Modeling of a WBG-based Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Electric Drivetrains COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE '19 ECCE Europe), Urtea: 2019 Egilea: CHAKRABORTY, SAJIB GOEL, SUDHANSHU HEGAZY, OMAR KLINK, ROBERTO MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU |
Simple voltage balancing method to protect series-connected devices experimentally verified in a 5L-MPC converter ARTICULO | IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. Vol. 65. Nº 5. Pp. 3699-3707. May, Urtea: 2018 | ISBN/ISSN: 02780046 Egilea: MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL SÁNCHEZ RUIZ, ALAIN ATUTXA, I. BARAIA-ETXABURU ZUBIAURRE, IGOR TORRE, IÑIGO ECHEVERRIA, IVAN |
Modulation and LCR filter optimum design procedure for medium voltage adjustable speed drives COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe). Karlsruhe. 5-9 September. IEEE, Urtea: 2016 | ISBN/ISSN: 9789075815245 Egilea: MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL SÁNCHEZ RUIZ, ALAIN ATUTXA, I. TELLERIA ELORZA, SEBASTIAN ECHEVERRIA, IVAN |
DC-link Voltage Balancing Strategy based on SVM and Reactive Power Exchange for a 5L-MPC Back-to-Back Converter for Medium Voltage Drives ARTICULO | IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. Vol. 63. N. 12. Pp. 7864-7875. June, Urtea: 2016 | ISBN/ISSN: 02780046 Egilea: MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL BARAIA-ETXABURU ZUBIAURRE, IGOR ECHEVERRIA, IVAN TORRE, IÑIGO ATUTXA LEKUE, IÑIGO |
Comprehensive analysis of voltage balancing techniques for 5L NPC converters COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | 2013 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE). 2-6 Sept. Pp. 1-10. IEEE, Urtea: 2013 | ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-4799-0116-6 Egilea: MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL BARAIA-ETXABURU ZUBIAURRE, IGOR MADARIAGA, D. ATUTXA, I. ALVAREZ, S. |
Analysis and experimental evaluation of two low loss auxiliary circuits for the series connection of IGBT devices COMUNICACION_CONGRESO | 2013 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE). 2-6 Sept. Pp. 1-10. IEEE, Urtea: 2013 Egilea: BARAIA-ETXABURU ZUBIAURRE, IGOR ALVAREZ, S. MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL ATUTXA, I. |
Medium voltage-high power converter topologies comparison procedure for a 6.6kV Drive Application using 4.5kV IGBT Modules ARTICULO | IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics. Vol. 59, N°3. Pp. 1462-1476, Urtea: 2012 | ISBN/ISSN: 02780046 Egilea: SÁNCHEZ RUIZ, ALAIN ABAD BIAIN, GONZALO ÁLVAREZ, SILVERIO MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL BARAIA-ETXABURU ZUBIAURRE, IGOR |
Desarrollo de un equipo médico DEA con tecnologías IoT para la Servitización de Espacios Cardioprotegidos CONTRATO Hasiera Data: 2018-03-01 | Amaiera Data: 2018-12-31 Finantzaketa: Gobierno Vasco Parte-hartzea: OSATU, S.COOP. Egilea: ALACANO LOITI, ARGIÑE (INVEST) MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL (INVEST) AIZPURU LARRAÑAGA, IOSU (INVEST_PRINCIPAL) |
21 Electronica Potencia y topol CONTRATO Hasiera Data: 2018-01-01 | Amaiera Data: 2018-12-31 Finantzaketa: Proyectos al exterior Parte-hartzea: ORONA, S.COOP. |
5 EnergyHub CONTRATO Hasiera Data: 2018-01-01 | Amaiera Data: 2018-12-31 Finantzaketa: Proyectos al exterior Parte-hartzea: ELECTRA VITORIA, S.COOP.;ORONA, S.COOP. Egilea: ALACANO LOITI, ARGIÑE (INVEST) MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL (INVEST) CANALES SEGADE, JOSE MARIA (INVEST_PRINCIPAL) |
Egindako tesiak
ANÁLISIS Y DESARROLLO DE UNA NOVEDOSA TOPOLOGÍA DE CONVERTIDOR MULTINIVEL PARA APLICACIONES DE MEDIA TENSIÓN Y ALTA POTENCIA Irakurtze data: 2015-06-19 Zuzendaria: Igor Baraia Zubiaurre Egilea: MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL |
Zuzendutako tesiak
Impact of passive components in high frequency power converters. Irakurtze data: Egilea: Asier Arruti Romero Zuzendaria: MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL |
WIDE BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTOR’S IMPACT ON VERTICAL TRACTION SYSTEMS Irakurtze data: Egilea: Alberdi Esuain, Borja Zuzendaria: MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL |
Wide Band Gap Technologies for Medium Voltage Applications. Irakurtze data: Egilea: Antxon Arrizabalaga Etxezarreta Zuzendaria: MAZUELA LARRAÑAGA, MIKEL |